Overview of criteria and their definitions that are most used by
different organisations
to identify substances of concern
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LEGEND FOR TABLES 1 - 3:
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Column Model, IFA (Germany) |
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Quick Scan, VROM (Netherlands) |
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PRIO, KEMI (Sweden) |
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SIN LIST, ChemSec (Sweden) |
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ISTAS Black list, ISTAS (Spain) |
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Trade Union List, European Trade Union Confederation
(ETUC) |
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NTP 712 INSHT, National Institute for Health and
Safety at Work (Spain) |
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COSHH Essentials, Health and Safety Executive (UK) |
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MAL code system |
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National Plan to implement Stockholm Convention and
Regulation 850/2004, on Persistent Organic Pollutants, Ministry of
Environment (Spain) |
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REACH Regulation, European Union |
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Cradle to Cradle Design Protocol, MBDC (USA,
Germany) |
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Five Chemicals Alternatives Assessment Study, TURI
(USA) |
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Design for the Environment Formulator Program, EPA
(USA) |
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Green Screen for Safer Chemicals, Clean Production
Action (Canada, US) |
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SC Johnson Greenlist |
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Hazard criteria |
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The most used definitions for the criteria |
Table 1: HEALTH HAZARDS
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Hazard criteria |
Criteria and definition |
Source of criteria |
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Non-European |
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ACUTE TOXICITY |
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Highly toxic |
Highly toxic defined as
below: |
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Very toxic by inhalation (R26 / H330) Very toxic by skin contact (R27 / H310) Very toxic by swallowing (R28 / H300) |
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Combinations of these phrases |
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Combinations of these phrases with R39 / H370 |
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Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas (R32 / EUH032) |
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Toxic, or danger of very serious irreversible
effects through inhalation (R23 / H330), in
contact with skin (R24 / H331) or if
swallowed (R25 / H301) |
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Contact with water or acids liberates very toxic gas
(R29 / EUH029, R31 / EUH031, R32 / EUH032) |
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Vapors may cause drowsiness or dizziness (R67 / H336) |
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Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking
(R66 / EUH066) |
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GHS Acute toxicity Category 1 or 2 |
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Corrosion/ irritation of skin/eyes |
Corrosion/irritation of skin/eyes defined as below: |
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Causes (severe) burns (R34 / H314, R35 / H314) |
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• Evidence of irreversible effects in studies of human populations; • Weight of evidence of irreversible effects in animal studies; or • GHS Category 1 (skin or eye) |
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CHRONIC TOXICITY |
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Highly toxic |
Highly toxic defined as below: |
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Danger of severe damage to health by prolonged exposure: R48/23, R48/24, R48/25 and
combinations / H372 |
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Danger of cumulative effects R33 / H373 |
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Carcinogenicity |
Carcinogenicity defined as below: |
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EU Category 1 or 2 (R45 / H530, R49 / H530i) |
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EU Category 3 (R40 / H531) |
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German classification K1, K2 |
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IARC 1 & 2A |
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IARC 2B |
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US EPA known/likely (probable) |
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• Evidence of adverse effects in humans; • Weight of evidence
demonstrates potential for adverse effects in humans; • NTP known or
reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen; • OSHA carcinogen; •
California Prop 65; or • GHS Category 1 A or B* |
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Mutagenicity/ genotoxicity |
Mutagenicity/genotoxicity desrcibed as below: |
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EU Category 1 or 2 (R46 / H340) |
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EU Category 3 (R68 / H341) |
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• Evidence of adverse effects in humans;• Weight of evidence
demonstrates potential for adverse effects in humans; • GHS Category 1 A or
B* |
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Reprotoxicity (including developmental toxicology) |
Reprotoxicity defined as below: |
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EU Category 1 or 2 (R60, R61 / H360) |
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EU Category 3 (R62, R63 / H361) |
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May cause harm to breastfed babies (R64 / H362) |
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• Evidence of adverse effects in humans; • Weight of evidence
demonstrates potential for adverse effects in humans; • NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human
Reproduction;• California Prop 65; or • GHS Category 1 A or B* |
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Endocrine disruptors |
Endocrine disruptors described as below: |
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EU list of known endocrine disruptors |
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• Evidence of adverse effects in humans; • Weight of evidence demonstrates potential for adverse effects in
humans; |
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Sensitization of the skin or respiratory system |
Sensitization of the skin or respiratory system described as below: |
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• May cause sensitization by inhalation (R42 / H317) • May cause sensitization by skin contact (R43 /
H334) |
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• Evidence of adverse effects in humans; • Weight of evidence
demonstrates potential for adverse effects in humans; • GHS Category 1 (skin or respiratory)*; or • Positive responses in
predictive Human Repeat Insult Patch Test – HRIPT (skin) |
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Substances included in the ‘List of REACH Allergens’ |
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Neurotoxicity |
Neurotoxicity |
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Permanent neurotoxic effects Provisional
list for occupational neurotoxicants included in
the review published by Vela et al. |
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Immune system effects |
Immune system effects as defined below: |
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• Evidence of adverse effects in humans;• Weight of evidence demonstrates
potential for adverse effects in humans; |
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Systemic toxicity/organ effects (via single or repeated exposure |
Systemic toxicity/organ effects defined as below: |
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• Evidence of adverse effects in humans; • Weight of evidence
demonstrates potential for adverse effects in humans; • GHS Category
1(organ/systemic toxicity following single or repeated exposure |
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Top
Table 2: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
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Hazard criteria |
Criteria and definition |
Source of criteria |
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Non-European |
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Persistence and/or bioaccumu-lation
and toxicity |
Persistence and/or bioaccumulation defined as below: |
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PBT (Each source uses different values) |
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vPvB |
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All substances with no data for P, B ,T |
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vPT or vBT |
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May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic
environment (R53 / H413) May cause long-term adverse effects in the
environment (R58) |
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Ozone depletition |
Ozone depletition as defined below: |
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Ozone depleting substances (R59 / EUH059) |
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Environmental toxicity |
Environmental toxicity as
defined below: |
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Toxic to flora (R54) Toxic to fauna (R55) Toxic to soil organisms (R56) Toxic to bees (R57) |
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Aquatic toxicity |
Aquatic toxicity as defined
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Very toxic to aquatic organisms R50 / H400. Toxic to aquatic organisms R51 / H410, H411. Harmful to aquatic organisms R52 / H 412. |
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Water pollution classification WGK3 |
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Carcinogens and Mutagens category 1,2; Reprotoxic category 1,2 3; T/Xn
+ R48, NOEC < 0,01 |
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Top
Table 3:
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS – Many tools concentrate on
hazards to health and environment and not on those to safety. These hazards are
however important due to their potential for accidents.
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Hazard criteria |
Criteria and
definition |
Source of criteria |
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European |
Non-European |
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Explosion |
Explosion as defined
below: |
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Explosive (R2, R3 or H200/ H201/H202/ H203/H204/H205) |
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Flammability |
Flammability as defined
below: |
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Extremely flammable
gases and liquids (R12 or H220, H221, H224, H242) |
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Spontaneously flammable (R17, H250) |
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Highly flammable substances/preparations R11 / H222, H225 |
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Substances/preparations, liberating extremely flammable gases when in
contact with water (R15) |
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Oxidising |
Oxidising as defined
below: |
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Oxidizing substances/preparations R7 / H242, R8 / H270, R9 / H271 |
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Other properties |
Substances/preparations with specific properties R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R14,
R16, R18, R19, R30, R44 / EUH001, EUH240, EUH006, EUH271, EUH014, EUH018,
EUH019, EUH 209(A), EUH044 |
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